Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are two of the most commonly prescribed antibacterial worldwide for treating oral infectious diseases. Oral health is of big importance for well-being and general health. A few novel drug delivery systems were designed for oral treatment and prophylaxis of different diseases in the oral cavity. This work focused on the latest drug delivery development of the most common oral pathologies, namely, periodontitis, oral mucosal infections, dental caries and oral cancer. Herein we reveal the synthesis, characterization and application of chitosan nanoparticles for intracellular transport of the weakly cell-penetrating amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in order to improve their efficacy on bacterial infections.
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The main properties of dental adhesives should be good marginal adaptation, high retention strength and the possibility of not negatively influencing clinical sustainability. Dental adhesives are continuously improving to increase their retention to dental structures by increasing penetration in these structures, as it was shownin the in-vitro tests requiring imaging and qualitative analysis to allow the evaluation of experimental samples as well as the development of new materials. The main objective of this study is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the layer of modified dental adhesives with ferrous nanoparticles encapsulated in a SiO2 membrane located between the surface of the dental preparation and the surface of the photopolymerizable composite filling. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples, technologies such as SEM, optical microscopy and EDX were used.
Aortic aneurysm (AA) and especially dissecting aneurism (DAA) represent life threatening medical conditions and vascular reconstruction surgery with the insertion of a vascular prosthetic grafts is often required to save patients life. In this paper we debate over the long term outcome of 23 patients who underwent five to eight years ago an aortic reconstruction surgery with insertion of Dacron grafts. They attended, during 2018, the emergency room of the County Emergency Hospital Pius Brinzeu of Timisoara in terms of patency complications of the prosthesis. Despite slight dilatation of the Dacron graft and of the native aorta, presence of mural thrombi and/or progress of aortic regurgitation, their evolution was satisfactory, without severe complications.
The CAD/CAM technology has been successfully integrated in clinical and laboratory aspects of dental medicine. The present in vitro study focuses on the biochemical interactions between saliva and three types of polymeric resins for occlusal splints. Dental material samples were produced from 3D printed, milled and self-cured resins and were incubated with saliva samples from 20 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 3D printed and milled polymeric resins did not produce any significant changes in oxidative stress parameters (uric acid, TAC, GGT, OXSR-1) or inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6). On the other hand, the self-cured acrylic resin produced a significant decrease in the salivary TAC and uric acid, the most important antioxidants in saliva, affecting the capacity of saliva to protect the oral environment against oxidative stress.
Secondary autogenous bone grafting is the gold standard for the closure of an alveolar cleft. A preoperative surgical planning helps to determine the optimal shape and volume of the graft, that ideally guide canine eruption to the cleft area and ensure adequate nasal support. The authors describe their experience with design and use of an individually shaped 3D template for an autologous bone graft with fibrin glue for correct volume design. The conforming template is designed using freeware and open source software, it is manufactured by means of additive technology using autoclavable resin.
This work reports the activation of polyurethane film surfaces in order to enrich them with polar groups such as -NH2, -OH, -COOH or radicals, which further allows immobilization of several bioactive compounds. UV-activation was used to introduce new groups on the polymer surface without affecting the bulk properties. The current arising species improve the wettability of the PU surfaces as it was observed from the static contact angle measurements. The structure and composition of the new PU surfaces were analyzed by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The results suggested the possibility of modifying the PU surfaces in a shorter time periods, in order to provide many sites to attach other biomacromolecules by polar interaction or hydrogen bonding.
Progress in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology enables the fabrication of complex structures that could not be obtained with traditional manufacturing methods. One AM research area is the development and use of lightweight products with cellular structures, containing complex lattices and pores, which give improved performance and functionality. It is well known that there is a strong link between mechanical properties and architecture of samples with cellular structures. This paper presents a comparison and validation of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations of cellular structures with experimental data obtained from compression tests, and degradation behaviour under load compression. The specimens, with spherical open-cells, were produced in VeroClear RGD810 photopolymer resin. Mechanical compression tests were performed to investigate the compressive behaviour and the mechanical response was registered in the form of compressive stress-strain curves. Also, using the specimens’ CAD data and compression test parameters, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed. A macroscopic analysis of the specimens’ structure and microhardness tests before and after compression tests were also carried out.
Cross flow filtration is the typical way that water is filtered in membrane technology; that means that feed solution passes tangencially over the membrane and rejected components are washed away of the membrane by the rejected stream. In such a way, that minimal solids building up and at constant low flow resistance are achieved. In this paper, a calulation method regarding to the value of cross-section active area for a polymeric spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is presented, in order to obtain the value of the cross-flow velocity of the system. This velocity is needed to improve the knowledge fouling mechanisms and it is not easy to know without obtaining the cross section area. To determine cross-section area of a RO polymeric spiral wound membrane a series of calculations were performed to obtain the initial values of some parameters. The mathematical calculation was also achieved with the Roll Length program. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that only 65.36% of the total cross-section of the membrane is useful to cross flow and it was possible to determine the active cross-section of filtration with a value of 1,915.4 mm2, for the membrane studied. This methodology allows the calculation for any RO spiral membrane.
Polyoxometalates (POM) are a class of inorganic compounds with various structures and remarkable electrical, magnetic and optical properties. Ion-pair complexes formed with some organic cations have high lipophilicity and they can be used as ionophores for PVC matrix membranes with active recognition function. The present study describes the construction and characterization of selective membrane sensors based on electroactive material incorporated in PVC matrix. They have been employed for the determination of ranitidine and nizatidine by using their complexes with silicotungstic acid as ionophores. The composition of the membrane has been optimized. The linear response range for both sensors was between 10-1-10-5M with quantification limits of 2.83·10-6M for ranitidine and 3.43·10-6M for nizatidine, and a response time shorter than 50 seconds. The new electrodes have been used for the potentiometrical determination of ranitidine and nizatidine in pharmaceutical products.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness Rockwell and Young’s modulus of a new nano-hybrid and nano-fill composite resins exposed to corrosive media. The study was performed on two composite resins, one nano-hybrid and one nano-fill, enamel, dentine, translucent, respectively body shade, of which were made 20 samples (25.0 ± 0.1 mm lengths, 10.0 ± 0.1 mm widths and 3.0 ± 0.1 mm thicknesses), which were immersed in mouthwash for 1 minute per day for 10 days, the rest of the time being stored in artificial saliva. Measurements of Rockwell microhardness and Young‘s modulus on samples were made between on the first day, after 6 days and 10 days of immersion in mouthwash comparative with 0 day. The results showed that after immersion in the corrosive environment, both materials had the hardness values changed, but medium values of Rockwell microhardness to nano-fill composite resin were higher than nano-hybride. At the nano-hybride composite resin, it was observed that the enamel and clear translucent groups had the mean values increased after the first day of exposure to mouthwash, compared to the dentine group, which showed a higher mean value after 6 days. At the nano-fill composite resin, for the enamel and body groups were obtained the higher values of HRC after 10 days. For the dentine group, after 6 days, Filtek Ultimate showed the same variation as Harmonize dentine shade. Harmonize composite resin showed higher values of Rockwell microhardness and Young‘s modulus for all study groups compared to Filtek Ultimate.